一般决策风格量表在驾驶员群体中的信效度分析

Reliability and Validity of the General Decision-Making Style Scale in Drivers

目的检验一般决策风格量表在驾驶员中的信度与效度。方法采用一般决策风格量表(GDMS)对338名驾驶员开展调查,通过项目分析,探索性因素分析,验证性因素分析,形成修订后的量表。结果①在驾驶员群体中GDMS最终保留11道题,分为3个维度,累计贡献率为59.23%;②修订后的GDMS及总问卷的分半信度分别为0.868、0.887、0.897、0.859;内部一致性信度分别为0.908、0.903、0.912、0.878;③内容效度结果表明,GDMS的各项目与总分的相关系数r分别为:0.687~0.742之间,且P<0.01。其中,理智型与直觉-冲动型呈非常显著正相关(r=0.668,P<0.01),与依赖型呈非常显著正相关(r=0.642,P<0.01),与GDMS总分呈非常显著正相关(r=0.719,P<0.01),直觉-冲动型与依赖型呈非常显著正相关(r=0.692,P<0.01),与GDMS总分呈非常显著正相关(r=0.687,P<0.01),依赖型与GDMS总分呈非常显著正相关(r=0.742,P<0.01);④GDMS与大五人格(BFI版)各项目得分相关表明问卷具有良好的相容效度。其中,理性型与尽责性呈非常显著的正相关(r=0.322,P<0.01);直觉-冲动型与外倾性呈非常显著的正相关(r=0.280,P<0.01),与尽责性呈非常显著的负相关(r=-0.453,P<0.01);依赖型与宜人性呈显著正相关(r=0.225,P<0.05),与神经质呈非常显著的负相关(r=-0.335,P<0.01)。结论修订后的GDMS可以作为测量驾驶员决策风格的可靠和有效的工具。

Objective To analyze the reliability and validity of the General Decision--Making Style scale in drivers. Methods Using the General Decision--Making Style scale （GDMS） questionnaire to survey 338 drivers. After collecting the data,we con- ducted item analysis,exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis to test the structure dimensions. Results ① The final vision of revised GDMS consisted of 11 items,which was divided into 3 factors. The factor＇s ratio of cumulative contribution was 59.23 %. ②The factors＇ split-- half reliability a was 0. 868,0. 887,0. 897 and 0.859 respectively ; homogeneity reliability a of the total inventory was 0. 908,0. 903,0.912 and 0. 878 respectively. ③ The result of content validity showed the correlation of each item with the total score was in the range of 0. 687 to 0. 742 ,and P〈0.01 in GDMS. There was very obviously positive correlation between the rational and intuition-impulsive （r= 0. 668,P〈0. 01 ）,dependent （r：= 0. 642,P〈0.01 ）,GDMS （r = 0. 719, P〈0.01 ）, there was very obviously positive correlation between the intuition-impulsive and dependent （r = 0. 692, P〈0. 01 ）, GDMS （r = 0. 687,P〈0. 01） ,there was very obviously positive correlation between the dependent and GDMS（r=0. 742, P〈0.01）. ④The obviously： correlation of each item between the score of Big Five Personality（BFI） and GDMS whioh showed that the questionnaire had good compatibility validity. There was obviously positive correlation between the rational and responsibility （r = 0. 322,P〈0.01 ）, there was obviously positive correlation between the intuition-impulsive and openness（r= 0. 280 ,P〈0.01 ） ,and very signif- icant negative correlation between the intuition-impulsive and conscientiousness was related （r^-0. 453,P〈0. 01）,there was obvi- ously positive correlation between the dependent and agreeableness （r= 0. 225,P〉0. 05）,and very significant negative correlation between the dependent and neuroticism（r=-0. 335,P〈0.01）. Conclusion Both the reliability and validity of the revised GDMS meet the criteria of psychometrics and it can be used as a tool to assess Chinese drivers＇ Decision--Making styles.