广州市高校大学生自杀意念影响因素的广义加法模型分析

The Application of GAM in Research of Affecting Factors of Suicide Ideation among Undergraduates in Guangzhou

目的调查广州市高校自杀意念阳性率的发生情况,了解应对方式、心理健康状况、社会支持、负性生活事件等因素对自杀意念的影响。方法采取分层整群随机抽样的方法,抽取广州市15所高校的2780名大学生进行调查,通过t检验、单因素方差分析及半参数广义加法模型分析各因子与自杀意念的相关关系。结果近1月内大学生的自杀意念发生率为10.14%,心理健康状况较差(Z=-11.56,P<0.0001)、学习压力(Z=-4.64,P<0.0001),挫折因子(Z=-3.87,P<0.0001)与人际关系矛盾(Z=-6.65,P<0.0001)是大学生产生自杀意念的主动机,除应对方式和社会支持外,自杀意念组在心理健康状态和负性生活事件的平均得分高于无自杀意念组。结论根据对大学生自杀意念的多因素分析结果,有针对性地降低与自杀意念高度相关因子的发生率,同时积极开展相应的心理健康教育工作,进而有效预防大学生产生自杀意念或自杀行为。

Objective To investigate the positive rate of suicide ideation among undergraduates in Guangzhou,and evaluate the effect of coping style,mental health,social support,life event etc on suicide ideation. Methods A total df 2780 students were inves- tigated with multistage stratified random cluster sampling method. Factors associated with suicidal ideation were analyzed with T tests,ANOVA-oneway tests and semi-parametric generalized additive models. Results The positive rate of suicidal ideation among the undergraduates in a recent month was 10.14%. The major sources of pressure on undergraduates included mental health（Z= -11.56,P〈0. 0001）,study pressure（Z=-4.64,P〈0. 0001）,setback factors （Z=-3.87,P〈0. 0001）and human relationship（Z= -6.65,P〈0. 0001）. Except setback factors and human relationship,the average scores of psychological health and life events of un- dergraduates with suicidal ideation were higher than those without suicidal ideation. Conclusion According to the impact which multi-factors have on suicidal ideation ,reducing the incidence of main factors or mitigating its impact and making psychological edu- cation should be carried on to prevent suicide ideation or suicide behavior among undergraduates.