维族和汉族女性对紫外线危害的认知水平和皮肤防护现状调查

Questionnaire investigation on ultraviolet harm cognition and skin protection status about Uygur and Han women

目的了解乌鲁木齐地区女性对紫外线危害的认知水平和自我皮肤防护的现状，使皮肤科医护人员更有针对性地进行个体化健康教育。方法随机抽取新疆维吾尔自治区人民医院皮肤科门诊维吾尔族和汉族女性就诊者494例进行问卷调查，采用SPSS17．0软件进行统计分析。结果知道紫外线会致光老化者占61．97％，知道防晒系数（SPF）和UVA防护等级（PA）含意的分别占46．96％（250／494）和17．21％（85／494），认为日光弱的冬天和室内需要防晒的分别占50．69％和30．56％，汉族女性比维吾尔族女性该方面知晓率高（P〈0．01）；13岁以后开始有护肤意识的占6％，维吾尔族在13～15岁开始的占9．03％，汉族占4．08％；维吾尔族中有87．74%的女性经常使用天然物品护肤，有使用护肤品习惯的占58．0％，比汉族女性（分别占44．24％和48．37％）人数更多；维吾尔族女性不熬夜者占22．58％，汉族女性为55．21％；维吾尔族女性经常在室外活动的占6．45％，汉族女性为9．73％。结论494例受检者对紫外线的危害认知水平低，自我皮肤防护意识弱，且存在错误认知，需要加强并纠正该地区人群的皮肤防晒护肤知识宣传和自我护肤的健康教育。

Objective To instruct clinical health education work of doctors in a dermatology clinic from analysis of questionnaire survey on ultraviolet harm cognition in clients of it and skin self-protection situation. Methods Randomly chose dermatology clinic patients of Uygur and Han Chinese women at a tertiary hospital in Urumqi region, 494 clients of dermatology clinic finished questionnaire. SPSS 17.0 software was used for analysis. Results Knowledge rate of knowing photoaging was 61.97%, the meaning of SPF and PA respectively was 46.96%（250/494） and 17.21%（85/494）. The people held on the opinions that the weak-sunlight winter and indoor need sunscreen respectively accounted for 50.69% and 30.56%, the higher rate of Han nationality awareness was than Uygur （P〈0.01）. The rate of developing the awareness of protecting skin after the age of 13 is 6%, accounted for 9.03% in Uygur and 4.08% in Han of 13-15 years old. Uygur women who often used natural products for skin care accounted for 87.74% and own the skin care habits accounted for 58%, more than the Hart nationality （44.24% and 48.37% respectively）. Uygur women often in outdoor accounted for 6.45% and Han 9.73%. Conclusions The low level of people＇s perception of the dangers of UV and weak self-protection consciousness of skin will need to improve, and many errors of cognition need to correct. It is important to reinforce health knowledge education of sun protection in crowds and the self-skin care education in our cosmetic clinical work.