基于遥感和GIS的巢湖流域生态功能分区研究

RS-and GIS-based study on ecological function regionalization in the Chaohu Lake Basin,Anhui Province,China

生态功能分区是区域自然资源科学管理及可持续发展利用的基础。基于生态功能分区原则,考虑流域——子流域完整性进行巢湖流域生态功能分区。在综合分析巢湖流域生态环境基本特征的基础上,确定生态功能分区原则、依据、方法及命名,基于遥感与GIS在数据采集方面及多层面叠加功能的优势,通过遥感数据对研究区土地利用信息的提取以及利用DEM空间分析进行子流域划分等技术手段,探讨了遥感和GIS技术支持下的研究区子流域生态功能划分方法,形成了巢湖流域生态功能分区方案,将全流域分为5个生态功能区和12个生态功能亚区,并阐明了不同生态功能区的生态保护重点与经济社会发展约束。对于新调整行政区划的巢湖流域生态环境综合治理具有重要的现实意义,可为流域产业布局、生态防灾减灾、环境保护与建设规划等提供科学依据。

Ecological function regionalization, one of the important methods for conducting geographic spatial division, is based on environmental resource, ecological sensitivity, and spatial differentiation of ecological service functions. By using this method, an entire area can be divided into several different ecological function regions.Based on an analysis of the basic features of the ecological environment of the Chaohu Lake Basin of Anhui Province, China, the principles, basis, methodology and nomenclature of ecological function regionalization have been determined. The purpose is to clarify ecological environmental problems and fragile areas, and to provide scientific grounds for environmental protection and the planning of construction, ecological security, rational use of resources, and industrial distribution of the studied area. As the sub,valley is an independent geographic unit within the entire basin, its ecosystem has ecological integrity from upstream to downstream. Thus, conducting monitoring and management of regional ecological environments in sub-valley units is of great importance to the conservation and ecological restoration of regional ecosystems.However, most sub-valleys cover multiple economic or administrative units, and thus it is difficult to obtain the thematic information of the ecological environment for each sub-valley.The superiority of RS and GIS is embodied fully here.The advantages of data collection and muhilayer superstition are made full use of for solving the difficult problems of ecological information extraction.The data for the research include： 1：50000 basic digital geographical data of the Chaohu Lake Basin, such as data layers of river systems, residential areas, railways, administrative divisions, and contour lines; digital data layers for resources andenvironments derived from the vectorization of 1：250000 soil type, land type, and land use maps; and 1：100000 land use maps interpreted from Landsat TM images from January 11, 2009.The above data layers are tested and updated from Landsat TM images. Through extraction of land use information from remote sensing data and sub-valley divisions from DEM analysis, this research discusses the methodology of sub-valley ecological function regionalization in the study area, based on the application of RS and GIS technology.The ecological function regionalization of the Chaohu Lake Basin was established and five ecological function regions and 12 sub-regions determined. The dominant factor of the first-level ecological function region is the boundary of the sub-valley, reflecting the general pattern of ecological function with the sub-valley as a unit. The dominant factor of the second-level ecological function region is the land use type.However, characteristics of landform or climate, ecosystem type, and ecosystem service function should also be embodied. The second-level ecological function region is the basic unit of ecological function type, reflecting the differentiation of ecological function inside the first-level division.The focus of ecological protection and the economic-social development constraints of each ecological function region were also clarified. The above technique reduces costs greatly and improves the accuracy and efficiency of the graphics, realizing the classic graphical princi realistic meaning for in ples （e.g., principles of the dominant factor and superposition） excellently.This study has important tegrated management of the ecological environment of the Chaohu Lake Basin, and provides scientific grounds for comprehensive control of the ecological environment, industrial distribution, ecological hazard prevention and reduction, environment protection, and the planning of construction in this area.