辽宁省清原县高标准基本农田建设类型分区研究

Type Partition of High-standard Basic Farmland Construction in Qingyuan county, Liaoning Province

如何因地制宜、分区细化高标准基本农田建设类型,明确不同类型区建设的难易程度、重点和未来建设方向,对于有序开展高标准基本农田建设非常重要。本研究利用农用地分等中间成果,以分等单元为基本研究单元,通过综合分析单元分等因素组合类型、不同组合类型对农用地质量的限制强度以及建设工程措施对其改善难易程度,利用ArcGIS 9.3空间分析功能,将清原县农用地划分为3个高标准基本农田建设类型区。研究发现,灌溉保证率、有效土层厚度、表层土壤质地、地形坡度对农用地的限制相对普遍,这四个因素和田间道路工程是建设需要重点解决的限制因素。研究认为,近期建设重点应安排在限制因素少、建设难度小的重点建设区,以农田水利工程、增施有机肥和提高田间道路规格为主要建设方向;同时可以适当选择一些与重点建设区相邻的以灌溉保证率、灌溉水源、排水条件、有机质含量为限制因素的一般建设区中的地块,作为重点建设区的补充扩展区,同期进行建设,从而实现区域连片,增加基本农田面积,发挥规模效益的目的。

It is very important to confirm how to subarea refine high-standard basic farmland construction type according to local conditions and how to definite the difficulty of the different construction emphasis and development direction in the future. The intermediate achievement of the farmland classification was used, taking the classification units as basic research units, with a comprehensive analysis about composite types of cell type factors, the strength of different composite types limit to agricultural land quality and the improving complexity via construction measures, applying ArcGIS 9.3 spatial analysis function, to divide the farmland in Qingyuan county into three high-standard basic farmland construction type partitions. The results showed that irrigation guarantee rate, available soil thickness, soils texture of surface layer and terrain slope are the common restricting factors for farmland, which are the key restricting factors to be resolved besides field road engineering. The results suggested that recent main emphasis of construction should be arranged on the emphasis construction areas, where are less constraints and difficulties, taking the irrigation and drainage engineering, more organic fertilizer and improve the field road standard as the main goal. At the same time some common construction areas should be chosen as the extends areas to construct, the common construction areas which are limited by irrigation guarantee rate, irrigation water resources, drainage condition, organic matter content and are located by the emphasis construction areas. The aims of the measures are to realize the areas continuous, increase the area of the basic farmland, and exploit size benefit.