户籍歧视对城乡收入差距的影响

The Effects of Household Registration System Discrimination on Urban-rural Income Inequality in China

本文侧重评估户籍歧视对城乡收入差距产生的影响。为了克服个体户籍类型的自选择和样本偏差问题,本文重点考察了近年来户籍属性发生转换的群体,并采用倾向得分匹配与双重差分的方法来构造反事实,从而在拟实验环境下去估计户籍歧视的价值。在2007年与2008年中国城乡劳动力流动面板数据的基础上,本文尽可能多地控制了可观测因素、随时间不变及随时间同步变化的不可观测因素的影响,从而得到户籍歧视对个体收入的纯影响。结果表明,仅仅因为是户籍职业选择歧视,农户个体的收入将会减少3.5%。在剔除户籍歧视因素后,整体收入差距会明显下降,平均来看,基尼系数会从0.499下降为0.488,从而表明户籍歧视对我国收入差距有显著影响。

Abstract ：The target of this paper is to measure the discrimination effect of household registration system （hukou policy） on urban-rural income inequality. In order to overcome the self-selection problem from hukou type change and the biased problem because of the absence of experiment data, we use the Propensity Score Matching with Difference-in-Difference method to construct counterfactual to evaluate the discrimination effect of hukou on urban-rural income inequality with RUMIC 2007/2008 panel dataset. The results demonstrate that hukou policy does exert significant discriminatory impacts on urban-rural income inequality, while urban hukou increases income level by 3.5% on average. Meanwhile, it actually belongs to a kind of invisible occupation discrimination effect coming from hukou according to the income definition in this paper. After excluding the hukou discrimination, the overall income inequality decreases to a large extent, and the Gini coefficient drops from . 499 to 0. 488. So, it shows a large impact of hukou discrimination on income inequality in China.