FDI、产业集聚与全要素生产率增长--基于制造业行业的实证分析

FDI,industrial agglomeration and total factor productivity growth

我国的FDI与产业集聚在空间上的耦合决定了将二者割裂开来研究其对制造业行业TFP增长的影响有失偏颇。本文运用DEA-Malmpuist指数法测算了2000-2009年我国制造业28个行业的全要素生产率(TFP),并将FDI、产业集聚与TFP放在一个统一的框架下分析FDI与产业集聚对制造业TFP及其分解指标的影响。研究发现,制造业TFP年均增长9.6%,其中80%以上是技术进步贡献的;行业间的技术进步差距较小,技术效率变化差异较大,而后者是TFP增长差异的主要其原因。回归结果显示,总体上,FDI存在技术溢出效应,产业集聚发挥了正的外部效应,二者的交互作用对按要素密集度分类的四类型行业TFP增长的影响具有显著差异。

The coupling of China＇ s FDI with the industrial agglomeration in space has decided that it will be biased to study it impacts on the TFP growth of the manufacturing industry. This paper first calculates the Total Factor Productivity （TFP） of 28 professions of the manufacturing industries in China from 2000 to 2009 using the DEA - Malmquist index method, and then it studies how FDI and industrial agglomeration affect the TFP in the manufacturing industry and its breakdown indicators in a uni- fied framework. The paper finds that manufacturing industry has an average annual growth rate of 9.6%, in which over 80% is contributable to the technological progress whereas there is little difference of technological progress and much difference of tech- nological efficiency among different industries, and the latter becomes the main reason for the difference of the TFP growth. The regression results indicate that FDI has generally the technological spillover effect and the industrial agglomeration plays a positive external effect. The interactive effect of them had significant differences in affecting the TFP growth of four types of industries which are classified by the factor intensity.