SWAT模型在我国的发展历程及其在寒地应用展望

Development of SWAT Model in China and Its Application Prospect in Cold Areas

SAWT模型是目前世界范围内广泛用于复杂流域水资源与水环境研究的优选模型。自21世纪初引入我国后,该模型取得了飞速发展与应用,研究区域涵盖水系发达、污染集中、水资源问题严峻的全国大部分地区,但在西部高原(山)和北方高纬度寒冷地区的应用相对较少。基础资料匮乏,降水年度内分布不均和独特的积融雪过程是限制该模型在当地发展的主要障碍。通过对模型在我国的发展历程和应用现状的回顾、总结与综合分析,结合寒冷地区的气候与水文特征,深入剖析SWAT模型的特征模块及算法功能,探讨其在该地区的应用前景与展望,以期为我国寒冷地区流域水文过程模拟和非点源污染控制系统研究提供一个新思路,为丰富全国流域水资源综合管理和水环境系统防治工作提供参考。

Soil and water assessment tool （SWAT） is now a widely used model for studying water resource and environment modeling in complex watersheds around the world.Since it was introduced into China at the beginning of the 21 century,the model has been rapidly developed and applied in most parts of China which have developed river systems,concentrated pollution and serious water resource shortage,but relatively less applied in cold areas,neither in the western high plateaus （mountains） and the extreme northern part of China.Lack of basic data,uneven distribution of annual precipitation and the special snow accumulation/melting processes are the main obstacles limiting the development of the model in those areas.The development and application of SWAT in China were reviewed,summarized and comprehensively analyzed.Combined with the climatic and hydrological conditions in the cold areas,the characteristic module of SWAT and its algorithmic function were analyzed,and the application prospects of the model in the cold areas were discussed.The objective is to provide new insights into the research of the hydrological process simulation and the non-point source pollution control in the cold areas.