我国乳与乳制品中黄曲霉毒素M_1的限量标准适宜性分析及居民膳食暴露风险评估

Suitability analysis of tolerance limit for aflatoxin M_1 in foods and Chinese population dietary exposure to aflatoxin M_1 from milk

目的对中国乳与乳制品中黄曲霉毒素M1(AFM1)的限量标准适宜性和居民通过AFM1超标液体乳暴露AFM1对健康影响的风险进行评估。方法利用中国现行乳及乳制品中AFM1限量标准、乳及乳制品中AFM1污染水平数据及2002年中国居民营养与健康状况调查数据,对中国现行乳及乳制品中AFM1限量标准的适宜性进行分析,同时用确定性评估方法,对国家抽检液体纯乳中含有的AFM1对人群健康的影响进行初步风险评估。结果理论假设市售所有乳及乳制品中AFM1的含量均达到我国限量标准0.5μg/kg,中国全人群终身食用含该水平AFM1的乳及乳制品而暴露AFM1的平均水平为每日每公斤体重0.20 ng。在中国乙肝病毒携带率为7.18%的情况下,每年增加的肝癌发病风险为每10万人新增0.000 62个癌症患者。若全人群终身饮用国家质检总局公布含AFM11.2μg/kg的超标液体乳,则摄入AFM1的平均水平为每日每公斤体重0.43 ng,每年增加的肝癌发病风险为每10万人新增0.001 33个癌症患者。结论中国现行的乳及乳制品中0.5μg/kg的AFM1限量标准可以充分保护人群健康;当乳及乳制品中AFM1的含量为1.2μg/kg时,虽然短期摄入该类食品所增加的肝癌发病风险处于可接受水平,但政府部门应及时采取有效的监管措施,以降低长期暴露对健康影响的风险。

Objective To assess the suitability of tolerance limit for aflatoxin M1 （ AFM1 ） in foods and Chinese population dietary exposure to AFM1 from milk. Methods Milk and dairy products consumption data combined with the tolerance limit for AFM1 in foods as well as the concentration of AFM 1in milk were employed in assessment of both the intakes of AFM1 and the Chinese population long-time exposure to AFM1. AFM1 intake and the dietary exposure to projected risks for liver cancer attributable to either use of the maximum levels of AFM1 of 0.05 μg/kg milk or consumption of milk contaminated with AFM1 were assessed. Results Assuming that all milk and dairy products on sale contain AFM1at the level equal to the tolerance limit of 0. 5 μg/kg, the total average dietary exposure to AFM1 in Chinese population will be 0.20 ng per kilogram bodyweight per day, the increased risk of liver cancer in humans will be as 0. 000 62 cases per 100 000 individuals per year, if the incidence of HBs Ag^＋ carriers of 7.18% takes into account. As for the milk sample contaminated with AFM1 at the level of 1.2 μg/kg analyzed and issued by the General Adminstration of Quality Surpervision Inspection and Qarantine of China in 2011, the total average long-term exposure of the Chinese population to AFM1 from this milk sample will be 0. 43 ng per kilogram bodyweight per day, the increased risk of liver cancer in humans might be 0. 001 33 cases per 100 000 individuals per year. Conclusion The tolerance limit for AFM1 of 0. 5 μg/kg implemented in China can effectively protect the whole population. In addition, although the health risk of short-term exposure to AFM1-contaminated milk is acceptable, the government still should take the effective measures to control the contamination of AFM1 in milk so as to reduce the Chinese long-time exposure to AFM1.