赞比亚“基于能力”的教师教育改革项目述评

A Review on "Competency-based" Teacher Education Reform Program in Zambia

20世纪末至21世纪初,赞比亚全面实施了中小学教师教育改革项目,它旨在强调从一般的能力转变为行动能力,以问题解决为导向,以适应现场教学为基础。这一项目也被很多学者们称为"基于能力"的教师教育项目。赞比亚"基于能力"的教师教育项目在以下五个方面着力进行了改革:第一,在理念上,明确提出了"基于能力"的核心理念;第二,在目标上,项目的培养目标重在未来教师的综合能力;第三,在框架结构上,采用了领域整合的框架形式;第四,在课程体系上,项目运用了别具特色的模块化课程;第五,在评价体系上,强调建立一个开放、多元、灵活的评价系统。此项目呈现了很多的优势与特色,特别是重视教师实践智慧的生成,关注教师反思实践能力的提升,以及聚焦未来教师的能力建设与素养建设。

From the late 20th century to the early 21st century,Zambia has implemented the ＂competency-based＂ primary and secondary school teacher education reform program,refers to as ZATERP,which seeks to highlight the ability to shift from the general capacity to act in order to solve the problem of teaching-oriented and to adapt to on-site basis.Zambia,＂competency-based＂ teacher education reform program has its own characteristics and advantages.Firstly,ZATERP clearly states that ＂competency based＂ core beliefs.Secondly,ZATERP focuses on the training objectives of the comprehensive capacity of future teachers.Thirdly,ZATERP carries out an integrated framework for the field of the form.Fourthly,ZATERP launches on distinctive modular courses.Lastly,on the aspect of assessment system,ZATERP stresses on building up a kind of open,multi-dimension and flexible assessment system.This program has shown such characteristics and advantages as paying more attention to the form of teachers＇ practical wisdom,the promotion of teachers＇ ability of reflective thinking and the construction of capacity and quality of the future teachers.