“良好的公民是通过教育塑造的”——新西兰公民教育课程的历史发展及启示

"Excellent Citizens are Cultivated by Education" ——The Historic Development of Citizenship Education Curriculum in New Zealand and its Inspiration

新西兰公民教育课程的发展经历了"殖民化时期"、"自由进步主义时期"和"新保守主义和新自由主义的矛盾调和时期"三个不同的阶段。新西兰通过"社会研究课程"和"健康体育综合课程"来实施公民教育,每门课程由模块和议题组成,课程实施注重过程、体验和环境创设,课程评价强调多样化和整全性。我国公民教育实践需在公民资质界定、课程内容组织、课程实施和课程评价上作出一定调整,以培养国家发展和民主建设亟需的现代公民。

In New Zealand,citizenship education curriculum have experienced three stages： ＂Colonial＂,＂ Liberal Progressive＂ and ＂well matched Neo-conservative and Neo-liberal＂ stages.Presently,New Zealand implements its citizenship education through ＂Social Studies＂ and ＂Health and Physical Education＂ curriculum,both of which include Modules and Topics.During the process of implementation,the curriculum emphasize process,experience and environment design.The assessment of citizenship curriculum stresses on variance and wholeness.In China the organization of the citizenship curriculum content,its implementation and assessment should be adjusted so as to cultivate modern citizens suitable for the national development and democratic construction.