奥科里堆山偃松植株随海拔变化特点分析

The study of the plant characteristics of Pinus pumila with the elevation change on Aokelidui Mountain

偃松是大兴安岭林区高峰顶部的覆盖建群种，偃松林的存在对大兴安岭山地水土保持、稳定森林生态系统具有不可替代作用。本文通过对奥科里堆山偃松植株及针叶随海拔梯度抽样调查，并统计分析结果表明：植株及针叶变化随海拔升高呈现先增加后减少的趋势；株型特征在海拔为1200—1400m左右表现优势，具体在海拔1420m左右平均分枝数为13枝、海拔1320m左右平均丛径为792．25cm、海拔1170m左右平均株高为35．37cm。本研究结果不仅验证了分布于奥科里堆山偃松的植株形态特征和高度变化的主要影响因素为海拔，而且坡向和海拔高度的相互作用对植株形态变化有明显的贡献。

Pinus pumila is a cover constructive species at the top peak of the Daxinanling forest region. P.pumila plays an irreplaceable role in conservation of soil and water, and stability of forest ecosystem in the Daxinanling. In this paper, the shoot and needle were surveyed along elevation on Aokelidui Mountain. The results showed that shoot height and needle trended to increased and then decreased along with elevation. Characteristic of shoot type dominated at the elevation of 1200-1400m. On average, it had 13 branches at about 1420m, the bunch diameter of 792.25em at about 1320m and the height of 35.37cm at about 1170m. This paper demonstrated that elevation was the main factor to drive the change of shoot morphologic characteristic and height of P.pumila on Aokelidui Mountain, and the interaction between slope aspect and elevation had significant contribution on shoot morphologic change.