公共场所重要病媒生物侵害调查结果分析

Investigation and analysis on the infestation situation of the major vectors in public places

目的总结和分析2009-2011年河南省公共场所重要病媒生物(蚊、蝇、蟑、鼠)侵害调查的结果,为制定与调整河南省病媒生物防治措施提供借鉴与科学依据。方法调查宾馆、饭店、学校和医疗机构等4类公共场所的病媒生物侵害情况。成蚊调查采用人工小时法,蚊幼虫调查采用容器指数法;蝇类调查采用目测法;蟑螂调查采用粘捕法;鼠类调查采用粉块法和鼠迹法。结果成蚊调查平均密度为5.49只/人工小时,以淡色库蚊为优势种,占92.22%;蚊幼虫容器指数法调查平均阳性率为22.22%;蝇类调查阳性房间率为24.91%,以饭店阳性率最高,阳性房间平均蝇数量为2.39只/间;蟑螂调查阳性房间率为15.15%,阳性房间平均蟑螂数7.89只/间;鼠类调查粉块法阳性率6.24%,鼠迹法阳性率4.94%。结论综合3年来的调查数据,发现重要病媒生物的侵害指标均超过标准。提示河南省公共场所病媒生物侵害严重,公共场所病媒生物防治工作应引起重视。

Objective To summarize the investigating data of major vectors （mosquito, fly, cockroach and rodent） in public places of Henan province from 2009 to 2011 ,and provide reference and basis for the adjustment of major vectors prevention and control strategies of public places. Methods Labor hour method for adult mosquito, container index method for mosquito larvae and pupae, eyeballing method for flies, sticky-paste method for cockroach, both pow- der-spot method and rodent trace method were used for the surveillance of rodent. Survey of the infestation situation of major vectors in the area was implemented in four types of public places including hotels, restaurants, schools and medical facilities. Results The adult mosquito density was 5.49 pieces per manohour, Culex pipiens pallens was the dominant species which took 92.22% in total mosquito. The positive rate of mosquito larva and pupae was 22. 22%. The positive room rate for fly was 24.91% with an average of 2.39 flies per room in the positive rooms,being highest in the restaurants. The positive room rate for cockroach was 15.15 %, with an average of 7.89 cockroaches per room in the positive rooms. With the powder-spot method and rodent trace method,the positive rate of rodent were 6.24 % and 4.94% respectively. Conclusion All the major indexes are beyond the acceptable limits, indicating that the infestation situation of important vectors in public places in Henan is serious, and great importance should be attached to the control and prevention of vectors in public places in Henan.