有机知识分子与群众:西方马克思主义者的教训

Organic intellectuals and the masses: lessons drawn from Western Marxists

马克思主义是关于人类解放的科学,这决定了它只能是群众的事业;离开了群众,就会失去其实践的品格。第一代西方马克思主义者具有这种实践品格,他们提出,党由有机知识分子构成。所谓有机知识分子,就是不仅在思想上,而且在情感上和意志上与群众保持密切联系的知识分子。后来的西方马克思主义者标榜组织上和政治上对所有政党的中立,从而切断了与群众的情感联系和意志联系。这使得西方马克思主义只能在知识阶层传播,而日益脱离了工人群众的革命斗争。中国共产党应当吸取西方马克思主义者的教训,一方面保持与群众的血肉联系,另一方面通过培养自己的有机知识分子,在知识、情感、意志各方面确立对群众的意识形态领导权。

As a science on human emancipation,Marxism distinguishes itself by paying attentions to the welfare of the masses.The first generation of Marxists maintained that socialist parties are composed of ＂organic intellectuals＂,who keep a close connection with the masses either in mind or in emotion and will.Later Marxists in the West claimed to be neutral in organization and politics from other parties,cutting links with the masses.As a result,the Marxism was limited among intellectuals and cut itself off from the revolutionary struggles among the masses.The Communist Party of China should learn a lesson from the Western Marxists： to keep connection with the masses and to foster the so-called organic intellectuals.Through this,they can set up their authority in ideology among the masses of the people the spread of knowledge,emotion and will.