地震记录的终极地质解释--试论从地震波形剖面到波阻抗剖面的转换

The ultimate geological interpretation from the seismic data:On the transformation from seismic wave section to acoustic impedance section

地震记录终极地质解释的目标包含两重含义:①能够展示地震记录中客观存在的全部地质信息;②所提供的各种信息的精度应该是客观上能够达到的最高水平。为了实现上述目标,探讨了从地震波形剖面到波阻抗剖面转换的思路和方法:从地震记录道中提取一个时变的反射子波,与地震记录道按褶积的逆过程作反褶积运算,可以求得反射波的振幅—时间序列;在把反射波振幅系列标定为反射系数系列的同时,推算出各反射层的波阻抗,从而把地震波形剖面转换为波阻抗剖面,以达到充分分离地震记录道中客观上所蕴含的各种地层地质信息的目的,同时获得更为精确的各类地震信息数据,用以拓展地震资料的解释应用领域。该文也可以被看做是编制相关转换软件的一个简要设计,对转换中涉及的重要参数进行了详细分析。经转换所获得的地震波阻抗剖面具有很高的实用价值,并最终服务于提升布井的针对性和钻井的成功率。

The goal of ultimate geological interpretation from seismic data actually contains two meanings： First, complete and objective geological data would be obtained from the seismic record; second, the accuracy of all the provided data should be objectively up to the highest level. To this end, the idea and methods were discussed of the transformation from seismic wave section to acoustic impedance section. First, a time-varying reflected wavelet was extracted from the seismic recording channel. Then, the deconvolution of seismic data was clone according to the inverse process of convolution, thus an amplitude time series was obtained for the reflected wavelet. Meanwhile the amplitude series of a reflected wavelet was set to the reflection coefficient series, the acoustic impedance of each reflected layer was thus calculated. Therefore, the seismic wave section was transformed into acoustic impedance section, which helps completely strip all kinds of geological data of each layer objectively reflected from the seismic recording channel, meanwhile all types of seismic data were most exactly achieved, as a result, the domain of seismic data interpretation and application was thereby extended to a new area. On the other hand, this study was also regarded as a brief design of programming such a data transformation software, the involved important parameters in which was also discussed in detail. The transformed acoustic impedance section is of great value in serving the targeted well layout and improving the drilling success ratio.