“第三代”行政程序的学理解读

Theoretical Interpretation of the Third Generation Administrative Procedures

作为一种新的程序形态,"第三代"行政程序是为了回应行政国家的新面相———从国家为中心的行政到全球行政与国家行政并重的行政、从集权主义的"命令—控制式"行政到合作主义的"伙伴—平等式"行政以及从消极执行法律的行政到积极管理社会的行政———而兴起的。与"第一代"和"第二代"行政程序相比,虽然"第三代"行政程序并非要完全取代它们,但在程序本质、关注焦点、行政模式、规制方法、信息收集和处理、私人行动者角色等典型特征上,它都体现了自身的特色,因而超越了"第一代"和"第二代"行政程序。在行政的真实世界里,欧盟战略性环境影响评估程序、美国的协商制定规则程序等都可以作为"第三代"行政程序的制度原型。我国将来行政程序的法典化以及单行行政程序法或其他行政程序制度的设计也需要有效回应行政国家的新面貌,更多地注入"第三代"行政程序的元素。

As a new form of procedure, the advent of the third generation of administra- tive procedures is to respond to the new characteristics of the administrative state, which are those transitions from state-centered administration to the one attaching equal importance to global and state administrations, from ＇ command-controlling＇ style administration arising from totalitarianism to ＇ partners-equal＇ style administration arising from cooperation, and from the negative adminis- tration of law to the positive management of society. Compared with the first and second genera- tions of administrative procedures, the third generation of administrative procedures would not re- place them completely actually. However, in terms of the nature of procedure, focuses of adminis- trative procedures, models of administration, methods of regulation, information gathering and processing, and roles of private actors, etc. , the third generation of administrative procedures has its own significant characteristics. In this sense, the third generation of administrative procedures surpasses the first and second generations of administrative procedures. In a practical world of ad- ministration, Strategic Environmental Assessment Procedures in EU, Negotiatory Rulemaking Pro- cedures in US, and so on can be used as the institutional prototype of the third generation of ad- ministrative procedures. China should respond effectively to the new characteristics of administra- tive state and absorb more factors of the third generation of administrative procedures in its codifi- cation of administrative procedures and its institutional design of special laws of administrative pro- cedures and other related administrative procedures in the future.