图书馆联机目录(OPAC)的注意力危机及其重构策略——基于供需不对称视角的分析

Attention Crisis and Reconstruction Strategies of Online Public Access Catalogue (OPAC) in Information Age:Based on the Perspective of Supply-demand Asymmetry

在注意力经济时代,图书馆联机目录(OPAC)面临严重的注意力危机,并通过多米诺骨牌效应引发图书馆的整体性危机。以供需不对称视角作为新的研究范式,引入个体自发、环境激发和信息需求三个变量,有助于对OPAC危机做出针对性的解释。用户在数字时代产生了大数据检索、反馈共建、即时性咨询和社会化互动4类新的需求,但根据对北京市26所重点高校图书馆OPAC的考察后,发现绝大多数OPAC系统未能提供与用户需求相对称的信息供给服务,体现为馆内线性文本、版权方标注、线下延时咨询和个体化服务4个方面的局限性,由此构成OPAC危机的第一根源。据此,提出OPAC重构的4个策略,以有效应对当前的注意力危机。

Online Public Access Catalogue （OPAC） is facing serious attention crisis in digital age, and triggering integrity crisis of libraries. As a new paradigm, the theory of supply-demand asymmetry is helpful to explain the causes of OPAC crisis by introducing three variables of individual spontaneity, information environment and information requirements. Users generate four kinds of new demands which include retrieving the large data, feedback and building, immediate consultation and social interaction in the digital age. After investigating OPACs of twenty-six University libraries in Beijing, it finds that the vast majority of OPAC systems fail to provide information services which meet users＇ demands. It reflects on four areas including linear text within library, copyright side tagging, offline delay consulting and personalized service, which constitute the first cause of the OPAC crisis. This paper proposes four strategies on OPAC reconstruction to effectively solve the current attention crisis.