象拔蚌人工育苗技术研究

Studies on artificial reproduction of the Pacific geoduck Panopea generosa

摘要：通过对亲贝促熟、人工催产、幼虫培育和采苗等技术环节的研究，建立了象拔蚌（Panopeagen．CFosa）的人工繁育技术。研究表明，在盐度28～30条件下，受精卵在水温11、13、16℃时发育至D形幼虫所需时间分别为83、60和46h；在水温16～18℃，经20d发育至壳长约380gm的壳顶幼虫时出现足和水管原基，进入附着变态阶段。投放附着基后培育约70d，可生长至壳长5mm的幼贝。壳长日增长量在D形幼虫阶段为6．2μm，在壳顶幼虫阶段为16．8um，附着变态后生长速度加快，外形具成体形态。不同附着基的采苗率依次为：细砂〉卵石〉聚乙烯网片〉波纹板。

Artificial breeding techniques of the Pacific geoduck Panopea generosa including broodstock culture, spawning induction, and larval rearing were investigated in this study. The results showed that at salinity of 28-30, the fertilized eggs reared at ll℃, 13℃ and 16℃ developed to D-shaped larvae after 83 h, 60 h and 46 h, respectively. At the temperature of 16-18 ℃, the D-shaped larvae developed to the stage of metamorphosis in about 20 days as the shell length increased to 380 gm, which was characterized by the appearance of foot and siphon. After rearing of about 70 d, the shell length of juvenile R generosa reached 5 mm. Growth rate of shell length of the larvae at D-shaped and umbo stages was 6.2 gm/d and 16.8 μm/d, respectively. After metamorphosis, the growth speed of shell length became faster. The settlement of the larvae in the experiments with four different substrata was compared and the results showed that the highest setting rate was achieved for the attachment substance of fine sand, followed by pebbles, nylonets, and plastic sheets.