广义系统下中国草地资源的退化成因与可持续利用对策

Analysis of China Grassland Degradation Problems and Sustainable Use under Perspective of Generalized System

草地资源的可持续利用是维持生态平衡和人类生存的必然要求。在广义系统的视角下重新审视中国草地资源禀赋及其利用现状,研究结果显示:中国草地退化问题一方面由恶劣的自然环境导致,另一方面人为原因造成的破坏更为严重。经验证据表明,单从草业科学或生态学的角度不能为草地治理提供满意的答案,草地资源的可持续利用内在的统一于草原地区的经济持续增长。因此,在跨学科和广义系统论视角下,应重新审视草地资源的可持续利用问题,为实现草地生态和经济社会的协调发展,必须将草地治理的主体赋予草原当地居民,为适宜性制度的演进创造条件;政府同时需要在基础设施、教育等方面对草原地区进行必要投入。

The sustainable use of grassland resources is an inevitable requirement to maintain ecological balance and human survival. We re-examines the system of Chinese grassland resource endowment and its utilization in a broad perspective. The results show that China grassland degradation problems are caused not just by the harsh natural environment, man-made disasters are more serious in the other hand. Experience and facts have proved that the perspective of grassland ecology alone can not provide a satisfactory answer for grassland governing. The sustainable utilization of grassland resources can inherently integrated in grassland areas＇ sustained economic growth. Therefore we must re-examine the sustainable use of grassland resources under the perspective of interdisciplinary and broad systems. First, we should give the actors of grassland governing to local residents, in order to create conditions for the evolution of suitable institutions. At the same time, we need necessary investment in infrastructure, education and so on from the government.