石墨烯在锂系二次电池中的应用:进展与展望

Graphene in lithium-based rechargeable batteries: progress and prospect

能源危机和环境污染不断加剧,开发绿色、高效的电化学储能器件迫在眉睫。由于锂具有很高的能量密度,锂系二次电池包括锂离子电池、锂硫电池和锂空电池等得到广泛研究和快速发展;而碳基材料是锂系二次电池重要的电极材料和关键组分。石墨烯是"至柔至薄"的碳基材料,良好的力学、热学、电学性能以及高比表面积和柔性片状的结构特征使其在锂系二次电池中展示出很大的应用潜力;作为其它sp2杂化碳基材料的基本结构单元,石墨烯的出现也为构建高性能的新型碳电极材料提供了契机。评述了不同结构形貌的石墨烯基材料在锂系二次电池中的研究进展,并对目前存在的问题和下一步的工作方向进行了分析与展望。

Clean and efficient electrochemical energy storage and conversion devices are urgently required due to the aggravating energy and environmental problems. The lithium-based rechargeable batteries including lithi- lithium-sulfur and lithium-air batteries have attracted much attention for lithium possessing the ex tremely high energy density, while the carbonaceous materials play a vital role as carbon electrodes or key com- ponents for noncarbon electrodes in these batteries. With the unique structure of single-layer thickness with close-packed conjugated hexagonal lattices, graphene possesses huge specific surface area, excellent mechanical, thermal and electrical properties, inherent flexibility and chemical stability. Meanwhile, some novel carbon based high performance electrode materials can be designed and assembled with graphenes which are used as the basic unit for various sp2 carbons. Therefore, graphene-based materials with well-controlled nanostructure show great potentials in lithium-based rechargeable batteries. The progresses of the related studies and applica tions are summarized and the challenges and prospects are also commented and discussed.