中国贫困及收入不平等变动的因素贡献率：1989-2011

The Contributions to Poverty and Inequality in China:1989-2011

文章利用中国健康与营养调查数据，分析中国1989-2011年人口结构、劳动收入、非劳动收入因素对贫困及不平等变动的贡献率。结果显示，在全体样本中，劳动收入增长是贫困下降的最大贡献因素；有工作的成人占家庭成人比重下降对贫闺下降有负向贡献；私人转移支付对贫困下降的贡献率远大于公共转移支付；劳动收入变动是不同时期不平等变动的最主要贡献因素；公共转移支付调节收入不平等的贡献微弱。在分组样本中，不同因素对贫困、不平等变动的贡献率存在城乡差异。此外，文章还发现公共转移支付、养老金具有亲富人的特征。

Based on China health and nutrition surveys data,this paper decomposes the contribution of demographics,labor income and non labor income to the changes of poverty and inequality between 1989 and 2011.The analysis shows that labor income was the most important contributor to poverty reduction.The decline of working adult percentage had a negative contribution to poverty reduction.The private fiscal transfers contribute relatively more to poverty reduction than the public fiscal transfers.Labor income was also the most important contributor to the changes in inequality.The public fiscal transfer had a negligible effect on the inequality changes.In subgroup samples there were urban-rural differences of contributions in respect of demographics,labor income and non labor income.In addition,this paper finds that public fiscal transfer and pensions both had pro-rich characteristics.