从市民化角度修正中国城镇化水平

Research on China's Urbanization:Based on Citizenization

城镇化不是一个简单的人口集聚过程,现行的城镇化率仅反映了人口产业结构及空间分布状况,不能真实地反映人口城镇化水平。城镇化的核心是"人"的城镇化,推动城镇化关键在于提高乡—城流动人口的市民化水平。文章通过市民化意愿、市民化能力、市民化行为、居住市民化、基本社会公共服务市民化5个维度构建市民化指标体系,测算出乡—城流动人口市民化水平为0.478;以市民化水平反映城镇化的质,以现行的城镇化率反映城镇化的量,从质与量相结合的角度测算2011年城镇化水平为42.28%,比现行的城镇化率低8.99个百分点,表明现行的城镇化率高估了城镇化发展真实水平,未来推进市民化进程是人口城镇化健康发展的关键。

Urbanization is not a simple process of population's concentration,and the urbanization rate merely reflects the spatial distribution of the population.The essential of urbanization is to urbanize people,therefore central to urbanization is to transfer rural-to-urban migrants to citizens.This paper extablishes an index system that is composed of five dimensions including the will,the ability,the living,the behavior and the basic public services of citizenization.The result shows that the total level of citizenization of migrating population was 0.478 in 2011.With the level of citizenization to reflect the quality of the urbanization and the urbanization rate to reflect the quantity of urbanization,the urbanization level estimated from the angle of the quality and quantity is 42.28%in 2011,which is lower fhan the urbanization rate by 8.99 percentage points.It shows that the urbanization rate overestimates the development level of urbanization.The key of promoting urbanization is accelerating the process of citizenization.