我国大学实施通识教育的制度困境与出路

Institutional Barriers and Solutions in the Implementation of General Education in Chinese Universities

通识教育嵌入到中国大学教育体系中是一个相当复杂的系统性工程,缺乏有利于通识教育实施的制度安排一直是通识教育受阻的关键所在。目前,大学实施通识教育的主要制度性约束因素包括实体性的专业教育制度、零散式的学分管理制度、缺乏科际整合的分布选修制度和纵向分隔式的课程衔接制度。通识教育从普及走向深化的过程中,我国大学要从模仿移植走向本土构建,树立本科通识教育的理念,以建设一套独具特色的校本基础课程体系为核心,探寻一条适合中国大学体制环境的通识教育实施之路。

It is rather complicated work to implant general education into the Chinese university sys- tem, and the biggest obstacle is the absence of institutional arrangements in favor of general education implementation. The institutional constraints include the substantive professional education system, fragmented credit system, formalized distribution of the elective system, and segmented courses sys- tem. In the process of deepening implementation of general education, it is necessary for Chinese uni- versities to move forward not through imitating Western universities but through local construction, to establish the general education philosophy in college education, to develop a university-based core cur- riculum system, and ultimately to seek out unique general education implementation models suitable for Chinese universities.