基于JASON-1资料的南海海域海面风、浪场特征分析

Characteristic Analysis on Sea Surface Wind and Wave Fields in South China Sea Based on JASON-1 Data

南海海域地形复杂,风浪多变,由极端的水文气象条件引起的大风、巨浪等海况灾害频发,对航道运输、石油开发、海岸工程、军事活动等造成一定的影响。研究基于2002年1月15日至2012年2月15日共372周期的JASON-1GDR数据,采用克里金插值法分析南海海域海面风速和有效波高的时空分布特征和季节变化规律,运用核密度估计法提取大风和巨浪灾害的高发区域,为航道运输安全和海洋工程建设等提供参考。结果表明,南海海域年均海面风速和有效波高皆从东北向西南方向呈舌状高值区,并逐渐向外减小;季均海面风速和有效波高均呈现秋冬高、春夏低的变化规律;大风高发区多集中于南海东北部海域、台湾海峡和吕宋海峡附近;巨浪高发区则位于东沙群岛以南、中沙群岛以北、西沙群岛以东、菲律宾以西这一海域。

The South China Sea has complex terrain and changeable clinmte. Catastrophic sea-states such as gale and surge caused by extreme meteorological and hydrological conditions have impacts on ocean transportation, oil development, coastal en- gineering, military activity, etc. The research, which was based on JASON-1 GDR data from January 15,2002 to February 15, 2012 ,using the Kriging interpolation to analyze the temporal-spatial distribution characteristics and change rules of sea surface wind speed and significant wave height in South China Sea, using the kernel density estimation to extract high-risk areas of gale and surge, provided references for maritime navigation safety and marine engineering construction. Results show that, the annual average sea surface wind speed and significant wave height both formed a high value tongue-shaped area from northeast to southwest in South China Sea, and the seasonal average sea surface wind speed and significant wave height are higher in autumn and winter but lower in spring and summer. Gale happened most frequently in the northwest of South China Sea, while surge happened most frequently in the area which is to the south of Dongsha Islands, north of Zhongsha Islands, east of Xisha Islands and west of Philippines.