3种杀菌剂对日本青鳉早期生命阶段毒性效应初步研究

Preliminary study on toxic effects of three fungicides on early life-stage of Japanese Medaka(Oryzias latipes)

为了评价杀菌剂对水生生物的基础毒性,在室内进行了多菌灵、三唑酮和三唑醇对日本青鳉幼体阶段的毒性效应.急性毒性试验结果表明,多菌灵、三唑酮和三唑醇对日本青鳉幼鱼96 h-LC50值分别为0.47（0.42~0.51）mg·L-1、11.02（9.34~13.01）mg·L-1、14.49（12.28~17.10）mg·L-1.胚胎60 d慢性毒性试验结果表明,多菌灵对日本青鳉胚胎孵化率的最低可观察效应浓度（LOEC60d）为5.2μg·L-1,暴露在10~37μg·L-1浓度范围内对胚胎孵化时间、幼鱼存活率均有显著影响;三唑酮对日本青鳉幼鱼存活率的LOEC60d为75μg·L-1,暴露浓度高于240μg·L-1时对胚胎孵化时间、幼鱼存活率、体长、湿重等均有显著影响;三唑醇对日本青鳉胚胎孵化率的LOEC60d为140μg·L-1,暴露浓度高于520μg·L-1时三唑醇对胚胎孵化时间、幼鱼存活率、体长、湿重等均有显著影响.3种杀菌剂对日本青鳉幼体阶段的毒性次序为：多菌灵〉三唑酮、三唑醇,胚胎孵化时间和幼鱼存活率可作为慢性毒性的敏感指标.

To provide basic data for toxicity risk estimation of fungicides to aquatic organisms, toxic effects of carbendazim, triadimefon and triadimenol on larva stage of Japanese Medaka, Oryzias latipes were investigated under laboratory conditions. Results of acute toxicity tests showed 96 h-LC50 values of carbendazim, triadimefon and triadimenol to Oryzias latipes were 0.47 （0.42 ~ 0.51 ） mg· L ^- 1 , 11.02 （9.34 ~ 13.01 ） mg· L ^- 1 and 14.49 （ 12.28 ~ 17.10） mg·L-1, respectively. Results of 60 d embryonic chronic toxicity test indicated that the lowest observed effect concentration （LOECs0d） of embryonic hatching rate was 5.2 μg·L-1 for earbendazim. Moreover, when O. latipes were exposed at the concentrations ranging from 10 to 37 μg·L-1, the embryonic incubation time and juveniles survival rate changed significantly. The LOEC6o d of juveniles survival rate for triadimefon was 75 μg·L-1, and body length and wet weight were affected distinctly when the exposed concentration was great than 240 μg·L-1 The LOEC60d of the embryonic incubation rate for triadimenol was 140 μg·L-1 , and the embryonic incubation time, juveniles survival rate, body length and wet weight were affected dramatically when the exposed concentration was great than 520 μg·L-1. The order of toxicity for the three fungicides was ： carbendazim 〉 triadimefon 〉 triadimenol. The embryonic incubation time and juveniles survival rate could be used as sensitive indicators of chronic toxicity.