铁皮石斛新品种“仙斛2号”的选育和特征特性研究

Breeding of Dendrobium officinale var. ‘Xianhu 2' and Its Characteristics

目的保护野生铁皮石斛资源,选育铁皮石斛优良品种,促进铁皮石斛产业健康发展。方法采用系统育种方法从野生铁皮石斛种质资源中选育出高产、优质的铁皮石斛新品种;品种(系)间遗传差异分析采用ISSR分子标记技术。结果经驯化栽培、筛选、稳定性和品比实验,获得了富含石斛多糖、适应性强、产量高的铁皮石斛新品种"仙斛2号"。与对照品种"云南软脚"、"仙斛1号"比较,"仙斛2号"移栽定植12个月、24个月、36个月后的新鲜茎叶和茎产量均显著或极显著高于对照,干品率和干品石斛多糖含量极显著高于"云南软脚"。ISSR分子标记分析表明"仙斛2号"与其他铁皮石斛品种(系)存在明显遗传差异。"仙斛2号"于2011年12月通过了浙江省非主要农作物品种审定。结论 "仙斛2号"是一个综合性状优良的铁皮石斛新品种,为铁皮石斛的人工栽培提供了更多的良种选择。

OJECTIVE To select and breed elite variety of Dendrobium officinale, thus to conserve the wild germplasms and pro- mote the healthy developing of D. officinale industry. METHODS System breeding method was employed for the breeding of new va- riety developed from wild germplasm of Dendrobium officinale. Yield of fresh stems and leaves, quality characters including dried stem rate and raw polysaccharide content etc. were tested. ISSR molecular marker technique was used to distinguish genetic difference be- tween new variety and other D. officinale materials. RESULTS New elite variety ＇ Xianhu 2＇ was bred successfully with high poly- saccharide content, fine adaptability, and high yield. Xianhu 2＂had significantly higher yields of fresh stems-leaves and stems than D. officinale var. ~Yunnan Ruanjiao＇and D. officinale var. Xianhu l＇and significantly higher dried stem ratio and raw polysaccharide con- tent than Yunnan Ruanjiao＇at 12, 24, and 36 m, respectively. ISSR analysis indicated that there were distinct differences in DNA lev- el between ＇ Xianhu 2＇ and other D. officinale varieties and lines. D. officinale var. ＇ Xianhu 2＇ got its certificate for commerce relea- sing by Zhejiang Province in December 2011. CONCLUSION ＇ Xianhu 2＇ is a new elite variety with good synthetic agronomic traits. Its breeding is beneficial for the cultivation of D. officinale.