塔里木河下游土地沙漠化与区域可持续发展

Land Desertification and Regional Sustainable Development in Lower Reaches of Tarim River

塔里木河下游土地沙漠化及绿色走廊的保护直接关系到该地区社会经济的可持续发展,对整个塔里木河流域社会经济的发展也具有十分重要的意义。根据野外调查资料,结合已有的文献资料,从下游沙漠化的历史和现状,土地沙漠化的发生发展,沙漠化与可持续发展的关系等方面进行了分析与探讨。分析结果表明,塔里木河下游土地沙漠化的发展趋势呈现"整体扩大,局部逆转"的态势,治理与破坏并存,治理速度低于沙漠化速度,演变的结果是沙漠化与绿洲化并存,互有消长,但以沙进人退为主,而沙漠和绿洲之间由林地、草地和自然水域构成的过渡带不断缩小,防护功能持续减弱,形成了绿洲受到沙漠威胁的严峻态势,严重影响到该区域以致整个流域社会经济的可持续发展问题。针对该区沙漠化现状,提出了区域可持续发展的基本对策。

The desertification of the directly affected the socio-economic lower reaches of Tarim River and the conservation of green corridor are sustainable development and has great importance on the comprehensive socio-economic development of the whole Tarim River Basin. According to the recent field data combined with related research literatures, the paper studied the desertification history, current situation, its develop- ment and evolution and the relations with sustainable development in Tarim River Basin and concluded that. The desertification in Tarim River Basin ＂generally expanded with partially restored＂, which meant desertifi- cation and its control happened simultaneously but the speed of control was slower than the speed of deserti- fication; The desertification development resulted in the existing of the desertification and oasesization at the same time with human being receding from the desertification land; The oasis was threatened severely by the desertification and the regional conservation function had been continuously weakened with the area decrease of the oasis-desert transition zone including natural forest, grassland and natural water body and led to seri- ous problems in the socio-economic sustainable development of the region and the whole Tarim River Basin as well. Finally the main countermeasures for regional sustainable development were proposed to the solve de- sertification problems of this area.