东北水保工程项目区水土保持效益评价

Benefits Assessment for Soil and Water Conservation Projects in Black Soil Region of Northeast China

在国家农业综合开发东北黑土区水土流失治理一期工程区内,选取新型大垄、垄向区田(3°和5°)、3°垄沟深松、改垄、梯田、地埂、草地、林地共8个不同的水土保持措施地块作为试验小区,以传统3°和5°顺坡垄作为对照小区,开展全年水土保持监测,并以此进行了田块尺度上的各项水土保持措施的效益分析。研究结果表明,水保工程措施总体优于水保耕作措施,在耕作措施中新型大垄密植水保效果最佳。各项措施水土保持效益排序为:草地>林地>新型大垄>改隆>梯田>地埂>深松>3°区田>5°区田。新型大垄、区田和深松措施水保作用具有时效性。

In order to evaluate the benefits of engineering measures for soil and water conservation in the black soil region, the novel large ridge, interval ridged-furrow （3~, 5~）, ridge and furrow subsoiling, change ridge, terrace field, field bund, grassland and forest were selected as experimental plots, and two conventional cultivation, longitudinal ridge （3°, 5°） , were selected as control treatment in project areas of ＂integrated control of erosion in black soil region of comprehensive agricultural development＂ in the Hailun City, Heilongjiang Province. Soil and water conservation were monitored during the rainy season from June to September in 2011. The results indicated that the engineering measures for soil and water conservation were superior to cultivation measures, and large ridge closing planting was the most benefit measures for soil and water conservation among all the measures of cultivation. The benefits for soil and water conversation under eight land use types were different, as grasslandS〉 forest 〉 navel large ridge〉 change ridge〉 terrace field〉 field bund〉-3° interval ridged-furrow〉5° interval ridge-furrow. Measures such as novel larger ridge, interval ridge-furrow and ridge and furrow subsoiling had the obvious timeliness.