吉林省东部低山丘陵区4种林分类型林地的土壤肥力分析

Soil Fertility Under Four Forest Stand Types in Low Hills of Eastern Jilin Province

根据吉林省东部低山丘陵区汪清林业局金仓林场中4种主要林分类型(长白落叶松天然林、长白落叶松人工林、天然针阔混交林和天然阔叶混交林)的土壤肥力调查数据,分析和比较了4种林分类型林地的土壤物理和化学性质,并采用主成分分析评价了其土壤肥力状况。(1)随土壤深度增加,土壤容重和土壤pH值增大,而土壤含水量、阳离子交换量和养分含量减少,但其在不同林分下的变化程度不同;(2)林分类型对部分土壤化学性质(如土壤CEC、有机质、全氮和速效钾)影响显著。其中,天然针阔混交林的土壤含水量、土壤pH值、阳离子交换量、有机质含量及全氮、磷、钾含量均为最高;(3)采用主成分分析法对不同林分类型的林地土壤肥力状况进行了评价,结果发现土壤肥力状况为:天然针阔混交林>长白落叶松天然林>长白落叶松人工林>天然阔叶混交林。建议在经营现有的林分时,考虑近自然育林,及时进行林下补植更新,并营造针阔混交林,以改善该区林地土壤的肥力状况。

According to the soil fertility data of four main stand types（natural korean larch forest, korean larch plantation, natural mixed coniferous and broad-leaved forest and natural mixed broad-leaved forest） recorded in Jincang forest farm, which is administrated by Wangqing Forest Bureau, Jilin Province, analysis and comparison of soil physico-chemical properties were carried out, and the fertility of soils in the above stands was further assessed with principal component analysis. The results are as follows： （1） Soil bulk den- sity and soil pH vaule increased while soil water content, cation exchange capaeity（CEC） and nutrients con- tent decreased with the soil depth in various degree in different forest stands. （2） Forest stand types had significant effects on some soil as for the chemical properties such as soil CEC, organic matter content, total N and rapidly available K（p〈0.05） , of which the highest soil water content, soil pH vaule, CEC, soil organic matter, total N, total P and total K were found in natural mixed coniferous and broad-leaved forest. （3） The soil fertility assessment with principal component analysis showed that soil fertility for four main forest types is in the decreasing order with natural mixed coniferous and broad-leaved forest〉natural korean larch forest 〉korean larch plantation〉natural mixed broad-leaved forest. Therefore, close to nature silviculture, timely artificial regeneration and restoration, mixed coniferous and broad-leaved forest construction are suggested to improve the general fertility quality of main forest stand types in the study area.