阿克苏地区骏枣物候观察及落花规律

Observation of Phenophase and Flower Dropping of Jun-jujube in Aksu

对阿克苏地区主栽品种之一的骏枣进行物候观察和落花规律研究，为不同时期制定栽培管理措施和科学布局提供理论依据。以8 a生骏枣为试材，采用田间观察的方法，定期、定株调查主要物候和落花情况。结果表明，阿克苏地区骏枣4月中旬开始萌芽，5月底进入始花期，6月中旬进入盛花期并且开始结果。枣吊于萌芽期生长，末花期前停止生长，平均长度24.55 cm。花芽分化发生在枣吊萌发后，随着枣吊生长、分化及开花结果，以其中部3～10节位着生的花数最多。60个枣吊着生花数为4 357朵，落花数为3 586朵，落花率达82.3%。

A systematic observation of the phenophase and the flower dropping patterns of the main cultivated Jun jujube in Aksu will provide a theoretical basis for layout of fruit trees and cultivation measures at different developing stages. A group of 8 year old jun jujube trees were selected in Aksu to record the main phenological phases and blossom dropping data. Jun jujube trees in Aksu start to sprout in the middle of April, flowering at the end of May, and blooming in mid June and then bearing fruits. The shedding shoot of jujube, averaged at the length of 24.55 cm, develops at sprouting stage and stops at the end of flowering stage. Flower bud differentiation takes place after the germination of shedding shoot, and then buds start flowering and fruit bearing as shedding stem grow. The middle of shedding shoot bears the maximum number of flowers that can reach up to 4 357, but serious dropping problem appears with the drop rate of 82.3% （3 586 flowers）. Herein clarified the phenophase and flower dropping pattern of jun jujube in Aksu region. Considering high flower drop rate of jun jujube, the measures of controlling flower dropping will increase fruit yield in jun jujube production.