新疆阿斯塔那墓地出土唐代木质彩绘的显微激光拉曼分析

Raman Microspectroscopic Analysis of Polychrome Wooden Artifact from the Astana Tomb of the Tang Dynasty,Xinjiang,China

新疆吐鲁番地区气候干燥,大量的有机质文物保存较好。阿斯塔那墓地是晋唐时期高昌城居民的公共墓地,文化内涵较为丰富,其中发现的一件木质彩绘,由九种不同颜色绘成。通过显微激光拉曼对彩绘原料进行了原位无损分析,鉴定出石膏、铅丹、炭黑、赤铁矿和氯铜矿等无机颜料,以及植物染料藤黄和靛蓝;值得指出的是,该彩绘是我国目前已知最早的藤黄染料利用实物。研究结果表明,唐代吐鲁番地区的高昌居民已经娴熟掌握了颜料的制备、调配、使用,从而创作精美的彩绘作品;文物的颜料分析不仅为彩绘文物的保护提供依据,也为古代丝绸之路的颜料贸易、文化交流的研究提供佐证。

The Turpan District is characterized by a typical dry climate, so that many organic relics have been well preserved. A piece of wooden artifact with 9 colors was unearthed from Astana graveyard which is rich in cultural connotations. In the present paper, Raman microscopy was employed for in-situ, nondestructive analysis of pigments that remained on this artifact, and many mineral pigments （gypsum, red lead, carbon black, haematite, atacamite） and vegetable dyes （gamboges and indigo） were iden- tified. It is noteworthy that this is the earliest example that gamboges were used as yellow dye in China at present. The results show that the Gaochang people had mastered skills proficiently, including the preparation, deployment and usage of pigment. The investigation of pigments could provide a basis for the restoration and conservation of relics, and more evidence for pigments trade business and cultural exchanges.