俄罗斯经济制度的历史特性及其改革周期

Historicity of Russian economic system and its reform cycle

由俄罗斯集体主义意识形态特性所决定的其历史上高度集中的社会经济制度和垂直管理严重阻碍了俄罗斯资本主义和市场经济关系的发展。而西欧的工业革命和实力的上升对俄罗斯形成了严峻挑战和威胁。从19世纪初开始,俄罗斯的当权者就开始致力于改革,铲除农奴制,为资本主义扫清道路。但是,每一次自由化改革都因遭保守主义的抵抗而半途而废,形成俄罗斯历史上特有的改革及其逆转周期,至今已经经过六轮的博弈。本文通过对俄罗斯经济制度的历史特性进行比较制度分析,揭示了俄罗斯经济改革及其逆转周期的规律性,并据此预测,普京之后俄罗斯将会迎来新的自由化改革浪潮。

Russian collectivist ideology characteristics resulted in highly centralized social and economic system and vertical management.They severely hampered the development of the Russian market capitalism and economic relations.The industrial revolution in Western Europe and its rise of the strength were challenge and threat to Russia.From the beginning of the 19th century,the Russian authorities began to reform,eliminating serfdom and clearing the way for the capitalist development.However,all liberal reforms are halfway due to resistance by conservatives.This made the unique history of the reform and its reversal cycle with Russian characteristics.So far Russia has gone through six round of the game.The author revealed Russia's regularity of economic reform and its reversal cycle and predicted that Russia will be in a new wave of liberal reforms during Putin's third term of Russian President.