三峡水库运行对洞庭湖北部地区水资源开发利用的影响

Impacts of the Operation of Three Gorges Reservoir on the Development and Utilization of Water Resources of Northern Dongting Lake Area

依据实测原型水文序列,在辨析三峡水库运行与四水流域水利工程运行对江湖水文关系演变特征影响的基础上,重点剖析了三峡水库运行对洞庭湖北部地区水资源开发利用的影响。结果表明:①在江湖水文关系演变过程中,三峡水库运行对洞庭湖水情演变的影响要大于四水水利工程运行的影响;②洞庭湖区水资源比三峡水库运行前(1951—2002年)类似来水情景下减少了185.60×108m3;③三峡水库蓄水调度运行期,枯水年、丰水年9月15日至10月31日荆南三口入湖平均径流依次减少67.99×108、23.14×108m3,补水运行期枯水年、丰水年1—3月三口入湖平均径流依次减少4.93×108、11.51×108m3;④三峡水库运行对洞庭湖区水资源开发利用影响的地区是澧县、安乡县、沅江市、南县、华容县等县市,影响时间为每年10—12月或1—3月,影响的后果是因季节性和工程性缺水造成该区平均每年经济损失约57 359×104元。

According to the measured hydrological data, the paper analyzes the impacts of the operation of Three Gorges Reservoir on the development and utilization of water resources of the southern part of Dongting Lake, on the basis of discriminating the impact of evolution character- istics of hydrological relationship between rivers and lakes under the operation of the Three Gor- ges Reservoir and four rivers hydraulic project. The results show that： 1 ） During the evolution of rivers and lakes hydrological relationship, the operation of the Three Gorges Reservoir has a relatively greater effect on hydrological evolution of Dongting Lake area compared to the opera- tion of four rivers hydraulic projects. 2 ） Water inflow in Dongting Lake area decreased by 185.60× 10^8 m3 compared with that before the operation of the Three Gorges Reservoir under the same circumstance. 3） During the storage period of the Three Gorges Reservoir, the average runoff from three outlets of south Jinghe River would reduced 67.99×10^8 m3 and 23.14 ×10^8 m3 respectively from September 15 to October 31 of dry year and wet year, while during the hydrating operation period, the case would be 4.93 × 10^8 m3 and 11.51 x 10s m3 respectively. 4） From October to December or January to March every year, areas such as Lixian County, Anxiang County, Yuanjiang, Nanxian County, Huarong County and so on, are affected by the exploitation and utilization of water resources of Dongting Lake because of the operation of the Three Gorges Reservoir, which has caused an economic loss of about 57359 × 10^4 yuan per year due to the seasonal and engineering water shortage.