基于CVM的旅游相关资源价值评估总体范围扩展方法研究

Extended Methods of Population Range on Evaluation of Tourism Related Resources Based on Contingent Valuation Method

条件价值评估法(CVM)是旅游相关资源价值评估的重要方法,其评估结果的准确性主要由支付意愿(WTP)或补偿意愿(WTA)和总体范围扩展两者决定。目前,国内外关于CVM方法的相关研究主要是针对提高WTP(或WTA)的准确性,而关于总体范围扩展方法的相关研究较少。国外旅游相关资源价值评估总体范围主要扩展为使用者,或资源所在区域的家庭,或资源所在邻近区域的家庭;国内主要扩展为使用者,或资源所在区域的居民,或资源所在区域的就业者,或全国范围的相关居民或就业者;这些总体范围扩展方法均存在一些缺陷。论文以调查样本信息为依据,提出了一种基于旅游相关资源关注度系数(用出游小区相对旅游率表示)的非使用者总体范围扩展方法和基于游客量的使用者总体范围扩展方法,并以舟山普陀金三角景区非使用价值评估为例,以2008年为评价基准年份,进行了实证分析。结果表明:普陀金三角旅游资源非使用价值为345.83×106元/a,其中非使用者贡献159.21×106元/a,国内使用者贡献184.17×106元/a,国外使用者贡献2.45×106元/a。并与国内外各种总体范围扩展计算的结果进行对比,该结果较为合理。

The contingent valuation method （CVM） is important for evaluating tourism related re- sources. The accuracy of the results was determined by WTP （or WTA） and population range. For CVM, improving the accuracy of WTP （ or WTA） was the main research topic from home and abroad, but related studies on extended method of population range were few. In abroad, the pop- ulation range on evaluation of tourism related resources was extended to users, households in or nearby the areas where tourism related resources located. The domestic population range was ex- tended to users, residents or employees in the areas where tourism related resources located, or related residents or employees in the whole country. All these methods had some defects. Accord- ing to the survey samples＇ information, extended methods of non-users and users population range were put forward. The non-users＇ population range was based on tourism related resources atten- tion degree coefficient, which was represented by relative travel rate. The users＇ population range was based on tourist numbers. The paper conducts an empirical analysis by the extended meth- ods, which evaluate non-use value of tourism resources of Putuo golden triangle in Zhoushan city in the base year 2008. The result reveals that： the non-use value of tourism resources of Putuo golden triangle is 345.83 × 10^6 yuan RMB in 2008. The contribution of domestic non-users, do- mestic users, and foreign users were 159.21 × 10^6, 184. 17 ×10^6 and 2.45× 10^6 yuan RMB re- spectively. The result is more reasonable than the others which evaluated by the existed domestic and foreign extended methods.