摘要
"不妨"的词性,权威工具书均标注为"副词"。本文由"不妨"作出了一些新思考,认为:1)位于句末的"不妨"不是语气词。2)从语义和使用条件看,居前的"不妨A"与居后的"不妨B"具有同一性。总的语用功能方面亦如此,都具有评注功能,作用的范围也都是整个命题。二者差异仅体现在具体功能上:一般来说,评注者主动给出建议的,"不妨"倾向于居前;评注者对相关的建议或情况作出表态的,"不妨"倾向于居后。居前还是居后,与评注者要突出、强化的信息焦点不同有关。3)"不妨A"在句中是充当高层谓语;"不妨B"则本身就充当句子的谓语。"不妨"应定性为评注性动词。4)现代汉语中存在着一批类似"不妨"的评注性动词。5)现代汉语的动词从语义的角度应重新作分类,可取消"能愿动词(助动词)"小类,将传统所列表示可能和必要性的归进本文所讨论的评注性动词小类中;将表示意愿的归到心理动词小类中。
Most researchers believe that bufang （不妨） is an adverb. In this paper, we make the following arguments. Firstly, bufang is not a mood particle when occurring sentence fi- nally. Secondly, the sentence initial bufang and the sentence final bufang are identical in seman- tics and pragmatics, both performing evaluative functions and impacting the entire sentential prop- osition. The only difference lies in their respective function： speakers tend to pre-pose bufang when making suggestions, and post-pose it when making subjective evaluations of the proposi- tions. This paper also argues that there are a whole class of evaluative verbs like bizfdng in Mod- em Chinese. On the basis of the observations above, a reclassification is proposed for Chinese verbs： the verbs indicating possibility and necessity can be reclassified as evaluative verbs, and the willingness indicating verbs as psychological verbs, thus removing the so-called subclass of modal verbs.
出处
《世界汉语教学》
CSSCI
北大核心
2013年第4期485-497,共13页
Chinese Teaching in the World
