汉语准价动词的二语习得表现及其内在机制

Acquisition of Chinese Quasi-Divalent Verbs and Its Built-in Mechanism in CSL

本文讨论汉语作为第二语言的学习者习得汉语准价动词(包括准二价动词和准三价动词)这类特殊动词的基本情况及其内在规律。文章详细描写了"HSK动态作文语料库"中准价动词的正确输出情况和误用表现,发现准价动词特殊的框式配位(即介词与准价动词共现的配位,如NP1+prepNP2+V)是这类动词习得的关键和难点。在此基础上,文章从框式意识的建构、非常规形义关系、特殊界面特征三个角度探讨了准价动词习得的内在机制。考察发现,准价动词所蕴涵的语义—句法、词项—构式多重互动的界面特征使习得者框式意识的建构过程呈现出层级性、阶段性特点,这一特点决定了准价动词的习得具有偏误来源多、习得难度大、习得周期长的特点。文章最后借此对构式意识构建过程分析的方法论原则做了进一步的说明。

This article discusses the performance and built-in mechanism of the acquisition of Chinese quasi-valence verbs （ quasi-divalent verbs and quasi-trivalent verbs ） by L2 learners. It firstly lays out the correct outputs of quasi-valence verbs from HSK Dynamic Composition Cor- pus alongside the errors, and discovers that the idiosyncrasy of the schematic arrangement is the key as well as a challenge to the acquisition of Chinese quasi-valence verbs. Based on this analy- sis, it furthers the discussion by exploring the built-in acquisitive mechanism of Chinese quasi-va- lence verbs from three aspects, namely the establishment of schematic consciousness, irregular form-meaning relations and particular interface features. Our study shows that the establishment of L2 learners＇ schematic consciousness is both hierarchical and phased , which is caused by the multi-interactional interface features of quasi-valence verbs between semantics and syntax, lexicon and construction. These features determine the nature of quasi-valence verb acquisition, which can be characterized by multi-source errors, high difficulty level and long time span. The paper also discusses the methodological principles adopted in the analysis of constructional consciousness establishment.