品牌共享型旅游地竞合关系研究——以福建永定、南靖土楼为例

On the Cooperation-Competition Relationship of Brand-Sharing Tourist Destinations: Take the Tulou Destinations in Yongding and Nanjing County for Example

作为品牌共享型旅游地,福建土楼在"申遗"成功后,旅游热潮一浪高过一浪。为了理顺土楼地区旅游地之间的空间竞合关系,实现该区旅游业的可持续发展,根据种群生态学上的Lotka-Volterra模型构建品牌共享型旅游地的竞合关系模型,并采用灰色系统方法确定模型中的参数;然后以土楼主体分布区永定、南靖两地2004—2011年接待的游客量为对象,建立两地的竞合关系模型。结果显示,永定的内禀增长率为0.90,而南靖仅有0.16,永定地区旅游业增长势头高于南靖,从长远看永定旅游业竞争潜力大于南靖;另外计算得到永定对南靖旅游业影响程度的参数为6×10-4,而南靖对永定旅游业影响程度的参数是-56×10-4,两地在L-V旅游系统中属于"捕食者-猎物"的竞争关系,永定是"捕食者",在竞争中处于优势,但由于两地相互之间的影响参数相差较小,所以南靖旅游业并不会被永定所取代。永定、南靖两地竞合关系分析证明了从生态学视角下研究品牌共享型旅游地的空间关系对旅游规划具有理论和实践意义。

After Tulou destinations in Fujian province are recorded in the World Heritage List, a large number of visitors come to here, so it is important to rationalize their relationship and achieve the sustainable development in tourism. Based on the ideology of Lotka-Volterra in ecology, the article builds a mathematical model which used to analyze the co-competition relationship in brand- sharing tourist destinations. At last, this paper used tourist accommodations in Yongding and Nanjing County which are the main distribution areas of Tulou in Fujian province to analyze their co-competition relationship. As a result, it has two points： firstly, the intrinsic rates of Yongding and Nanjing are 0.90 and 0. 16 which can illustrate that competitive potential of Yongding is higher than Nanjing; secondly, the influence coefficient of Yongding to Nanjing is 6×10-4 while Nanjing to Yongding is --56×10-4 , This can demonstrate that the relationship of two areas is ＂predator-prey＂ and the predator is Yongding. However the tourism of Nanjing can survive due to that the gap of two influence coefficients is small. The article offers a new method and view for co-competition re- search and it has practical and theoretical significance for tourism planning.