82例老年吸入性肺炎的临床特征及病原学分析

82 cases of aspiration pneumonia in elderly patients： analysis of clinical feature and etiology

目的 分析82例老年患者吸入性肺炎的临床特征及病原学特点.方法 收集2010年5月至2011年12月期间入住我院呼吸科、神经科、康复科的82例老年吸入性肺炎的临床资料,统计并分析其临床特点及病原学结果.结果 老年吸入性肺炎患者均有基础疾病及易感因素,临床表现不典型,共检出病原菌127株,革兰阴性杆菌82株（64.6％）,革兰阳性球菌32株（25.2％）,真菌13株（10.2％）.混合感染33例,占40.2％；二重感染14例,占17.1％.结论 提高对老年吸入性肺炎的诊断率,根据其病原学特点合理使用抗菌药物,重视预防老年患者吸入性肺炎的发生具有重要意义.

Objective To analyze clinical features and etiology of 82 cases of aspiration pneumonia. Methods The data of 82 cases of aspiration pneumonia in elderly patients in our department of respiratory medicine,department of neurology, and department of rehabilitation from May 2010 to December 2011 were collected. The clinical features and etiological results were analyzed. Results All the elderly patients with aspiration pneumonia had underlying diseases and susceptible factors, and their clinical signs and symptoms were not typical. 127 pathogens were isolated. There were 82 strains of gram-negative bacilli （64.6%）, 32 strains of gram-positive cocci （25.2%）, and 13 strains of fungi （10.2%）. 33 cases （40.2%） were with polyinfeetions, and 14 cases （17.1%） were with double infections. Conclusions It is of great importance that we raise the diagnosis rate of aspiration pneumonia in elderly patients, make rational use of antibiotic according to the etiological characteristics, and put emphasis on vigorous precautions.