植物病原链格孢属真菌的致病机制研究进展

The research advances of mechanism of pathogenicity of Alternaria phytopathogenic fungi

目前已经发现的链格孢属(Alternaria)真菌大约500种,其中95%以上兼性寄生在植物上,能引起多种植物病害,造成农业经济的巨大损失。Alternaria真菌主要通过机械穿透和分泌降解酶破坏寄主细胞的细胞壁,产生真菌毒素作用于寄主细胞的质膜、线粒体、叶绿体和一些代谢相关的酶类,以及利用信号转导途径介导致病等三方面营兼性寄生生活。综述了Alternaria真菌对其寄主致病机制的相关研究。

Until now, about 500 species of Alternaria fungi are discovered, in which more than 95% are facultative parasitism in plants. Alternaria fungi can cause many kinds of plant diseases and make huge loss of agricultural economy. Alternaria fungi carries out facultative parasitism life mainly depending on the following three aspects： damaging the cell walls of their hosts by mechanical penetration and the degrading enzymes, producing mycotoxins that targets at cytoplasmic membrane, mitochondria, chloroplast and influencing the activity of enzymes related metabolisms, and mediating pathogenicity through signal transduction. In this paper, mechanisms of plant pathogenesis caused by Alternaria fungi were reviewed.