对社会需要与科学发展关系的再思考

Rethinking the Relationship Between Social Needs and the Development of Science

社会需要从宏观上规定科学发展的基本趋向，科学又促使抽象的需要转化为现实的需要；科学的发展通过相应的技术中介既满足已有的社会需要，又引发新的社会需要，从而构成社会需要和科学发展之间的良性循环。社会需要只是科学发展的外在利益驱动；科学家对真理的追求、对未知领域的强烈好奇，以及科学问题的提出、确立和解决，构成了科学发展的内在动力。科学是现代技术的基础，现代技术是科学的具体应用。直接满足社会需要的是技术而不是科学。为了更好地满足社会需要，必须克服现实生活中那种尊崇应用技术，轻视理论科学的功利主义倾向。

Social needs decide macroscopically the basic trends of the development of science, whereas sciences change abstract needs to rational needs. The development of science satisfies, through the medium of technology, the existing social needs and inspires new social needs. In this way, a beneficial cycle is formed between social needs and the development of science. In the development of science, social needs are only the external driving force for profit. The internal driving force of the development of science is constituted of truth-seeking of scientists, their strong curiosity for the unknown, and raising, establishment and solution of scientific problems. Science is the basis for modern technology, while the latter is the application of the former. social needs are satisfied by technology rather than by science. To satisfy social needs better, it is necessary to correct the utilitarian tendency of applied technology worship at the expense of theoretical science in real life.