杀菌剂种子处理对镰孢菌侵染玉米的影响

Effects of Fungicide Seed Treatments on Maize Seeding Infected with Fusarium Species

采用室内培养皿法和室外盆栽两种方法,分析杀菌剂种子处理(嘧菌脂、咯菌腈、精甲霜灵、克菌丹)单独和复合使用对特定镰孢菌种(禾谷镰孢菌F.graminearum、轮枝镰孢菌F.verticillioides和层出镰孢菌F.proliferatum)的影响。盆栽试验方差分析表明,多个性状其菌株效应表现显著,大多性状的互作等变异效应不显著;室内试验的方差分析表明,除了品种×种子处理间的互作效应不显著以外,其余变异来源均表现显著或极显著。两种方法均表明,F.graminearum具有更强的致病力。盆栽试验表明,多数性状的种子处理间没有显著差别,就根长和干重来说,使用咯菌腈处理的效果相对较好。室内结果表明,含有咯菌腈和克菌丹处理的种子均具有较好效果,其中以单独使用咯菌腈效果最好。杀菌剂处理对不同镰孢菌菌株具有不同的影响,所有杀菌剂处理对F.graminearum的效果均差于对F.proliferatum和F.verticillioides的效果。嘧菌脂种子处理的效果最差,单独使用咯菌腈的效果最好。

To evaluate several fungicidal seed treatments（azoxystrobin,fludioxonil,mefenoxam,and captan） against three Fusarium species（F.graminearum,F.verticillioides and F.proliferatum） that infect maize seed or seedlings,we conducted experiments using a petri plate assay in the laboratory and a potting medium in the natural conditions.In the laboratory experiments,the results of analysis of variance showed the other effects besides the variety × seed treatments interactions were all significant（P≤0.05）.In the potting medium experiments,only the isolate effects of the several traits were significant.Both evaluation methods identified that the F.graminearum isolate appeared to be more aggressive than both the isolates of F.verticillioides and F.proliferatum.In the potting medium experiments,there were no significant differences among the seed treatments,although individual fludioxonil was the relative effective treatment from the untreated control according to root length and dry weight.In the laboratory experiments,the results demonstrated that fungicide seed treatments containing fludioxonil and captan had significant differences from the untreated control,and the individual fludioxonil was the most effective among the fungicidal seed treatments in terms of preventing fungal colonization and decay of the seeds and radicles.In the laboratory experiments,there also were differential effects of the fungicides against individual Fusarium isolates.All the fungicides against F.graminearum had less effective than the other two Fusarium isolates.Overall,the use of individual fludioxonil was the most effective,and azoxystrobin was the least effective against different Fusarium species.