东北三省玉米气候适宜度变化分析

Variation of Climate Suitability of Maize in Northeast of China

利用东北三省25个农业气象观测站平均资料及176个气象站1961~2007年的逐日气象资料,对玉米全生育期及各主要玉米生育阶段的气候因子及综合气候适宜度进行计算分析。结果表明,自1961年以来,玉米各发育期对气候因子适宜程度不同,播种期-出苗期、出苗期-开花期、开花期-成熟期温度适宜度呈上升趋势,日照适宜度呈下降趋势;播种期-出苗期降水呈上升趋势,其余各生育期降水均为下降趋势。玉米全生育期降水、日照适宜度呈下降趋势,温度适宜度呈上升趋势,综合气候适宜度东北三省均呈下降趋势。各气候因子组合效果较好,玉米产量与各生育阶段的不同气候因子的适宜度相关性差异较大。

Twenty five agricultural meteorological observatories and 176 meteorological stations in Northeast of China were chosen.With maize phenology data and climate data from 1961 to 2007,the maize climate suitability degrees of these stations were calculated,especially in whole growth and each periods of maize.The result indicated that the suitability degrees in each period of maize were different from 1961.Temperature suitability degree had increased with year,but sunshine suitability degree had gone down in sowing to emergence,emergence to flowering and flowering to maturity.The precipitation suitability degree had declined except sowing to emergence.In whole growth of maize,precipitation and sunshine suitability degrees were decreased,and temperature suitability degree improved with year.Synthesized climate suitability degrees had dropt in three provinces.Correlative relationships between unit yield of maize and suitability degrees in different periods were diverse.