某部营区鼠害调查与控制措施研究

Rodent investigation and control in a troop camp

目的开展部队营区鼠害调查与防制,降低鼠密度,防止鼠媒疾病的传播。方法采用目测法和夹夜法、粘捕法调查营区鼠害,针对性地开展环境控制与物理灭鼠工作。结果营区周边环境复杂,适合鼠类生存;营区防鼠设施不完备,鼠类栖息地多,鼠患严重。布放有效鼠夹486夹夜、有效粘鼠板496板夜,捕鼠126只。其中褐家鼠123只,占97.62%,食虫鼠3只,占2.38%,褐家鼠为营区及其周边优势鼠种。在捕获的126只鼠中,成体(含亚成体)鼠103只,占81.75%,幼体鼠23只,占18.25%。室外环境捕鼠115只,占91.27%,室内环境捕获11只,占8.73%。综合防制后鼠密度明显降低,夹夜法、粘捕法监测的平均鼠密度分别由防制前的10.38%、25.68%下降为防制后的4.08%、6.00%,夹夜法监测防制前后平均鼠密度下降率60.69%,粘捕法监测防制前后平均鼠密度下降率76.64%,两者差异有统计学意义(χ2=5.88,P<0.05)。结论本实验中夹夜法监测鼠密度值低于粘捕法监测值;布放鼠夹时灵敏度应掌握适度,粘鼠板应当选择展开面积更大、粘度更高的产品,且布放粘鼠板应当用重物固定;单一采用机械灭鼠方法比较适用于空间狭小且鼠密度不高的环境,营区大面积灭鼠最好选用灭鼠毒饵与器械捕杀相结合的方法。

Objective To carry out the investigation and control on rodents in a military camp,so as to reduce the density of rodents and prevent the spread of the rat-borne disease.Methods The environmental and physical rodent control was specially carried out by the visual method,night trapping method and sticking method.Results The surrounded environment of the camp was complex and suitable for rodents survive;Equipments of controlling rodents were not complete.There were many rodent habitats that the plague was serious.The number of effective mousetrap and rat glue trap were respectively 486 and 496 catching 126 rats.Among them,there were 123 rattus norvegicus,accounting for 97.62%.There were 3 insectivorous mice,accounting for2.38%.Rattus norvegicus was the dominant rat.Among the 126 captured rats,there were 103 adult rats（including subadults）,accounting for 81.75%,23 juvenile rats,accounting for 18.25%.There were 115 rats captured outdoors,accounting for 91.27% and 11 rats captured indoors,accounting for 8.73%.After comprehensive prevention and control,the rat density decreased obviously.By night trapping method and sticking method for monitoring,the average density of rat before control was respectively 10.38%,25.68%.After control,the density decreased to 4.08%,6.00% respectively.The density of rat after prevention and control decreased by 60.69% than before by night trapping method monitoring.The density of rat after prevention and control decreased by 76.64% than before by sticking method monitoring.There was significant difference between both methods（χ2= 5.88,P 0.05）.Conclusions The rat density obtained by night trapping method monitoring was below the value obtained by sticking method.The trap sensitivity should be moderate.The rat glue trap should be the product of larger area and higher viscosity,and the rat glue trap should be fixed with weights.Single using devices deratization method was suitable for narrow space and the specific environment of the rat density was not high.The best selection of rodent control method in large-area camp was the combination approach of both baits and equipment methods.