清代州县政权与商品经济的发展

Political Power of District and County Governments and Development of Commodity Economy in the Qing Dynasty

清代封建王朝奉行传统的重农抑商的经济政策，但是自明朝中后期以降的商品经济更为活跃，“抑末”、’‘轻商”的思想与政策逐渐受到愈来愈多的人否定。这种社会意识反映到清代地方基层政权贯彻经济政策的操作中：一方面奉行朝廷颁布的重农抑商政策，一方面扶持商品经济发展，有时为着后者而对前者采取阳奉阴违的作法。地方政权的职能发挥，对商品经济的发展起着何等的推进与制约作用，本文就清代州县政权的这一问题试作分析。

The Qing Dynasty pursues the traditional policy of treasuring agriculture and restraining commerce,yet since the middle of the Ming Dynasty, commodity economy becomes active and more and more peple rejectthe policy of despising commerce. This ideoogy influences Qing district and county gnrotS in their eco-nonic operahons. on the one hand, they follow the traditional poicy boued by the imperial govemment. onthe other hand, they heIp develop commodity economy. Sometimes they outwardly obey tha policy bu secretlyignore it for the sake of commodity economy. This pape analyzes the promoting and restricting effects of localgovermments' power on commodity economy in the Qing Dynasty,