再解“里昂惕夫之谜”

Leontief Paradox" Reinterpreted

文章扼要回顾了“里昂惕夫之谜”的由来以及理论界对谜的几种最具代表性的解说，指出这些解说尽管在不同程度上有其合理性，但都不能对“里昂惕夫之谜”的产生原因及其在理论上和实践上的影响作出令人信服的解答。作者认为要素禀赋理论作为一种纯粹的理论模型，是在对经济贸易现实进行高度抽象的基础上侧重研究各国间生产要素自然禀赋状况的差异对国际贸易的影响。但二次大战后，由于技木进步和劳动力素质优化以及各国间的技术水平和劳动力素质的差距越拉越开，致使各国间生产要素质的差异对国际贸易的影响日益明显甚至超过量的差异的影响与作用。里昂惕夫未及注意到这些变化，且以纷繁复杂的经济贸易现实直接验证高度抽象的理论模型，得到谜一样的验证结果是必然的。再解“里昂惕夫之谜”不仅具有理论上的意义，还能给我们在新形势下从事对外经济贸易带来多方面启示。

This paper briefly reviews the origin of 'Leontief Paradox' and some of its theoretical interpretations. It is pointed out that these interpretations, though somewhat rational, can not convincingly explain the cause of the paradox and its theoretical and practical effect. The authors of this paper opine that the theory of key element endowment, a pure theory model, is centred on studying the impact on international trade caused by the differences of key production element endowment in various nations on the basis of the highly abstract economic and trade situation. Nevertheless, after World War , because of technological advancement, optimization of labour force quality, wider gap among nations in technological competence and labour force quality, the discrepancy in the quality of key production elements among nations has exerted an increasingly apparent impact on international trade, even to the extent of exceeding the impact arising from quantity difference. However, Leontief, having failed to notice those changes, set out to verify the highly abstract theory model against the complex economic and trade reality, which was doomed to the mysterious result. A reinterpretation of 'Leontief Paradox'will not only be theoretically significant but also highly enligntening to us in foreign economy and trade in the new situation.