论中国当代文学史书写中少数民族文学的他者化境遇

Cultural Situation of Otherization of Ethnic Literatures in the Written History of Contemporary Chinese Literature

中华文学地图由多民族共同谱就,然而文学史书写中少数民族文学却往往缺失,尤其是新中国建立初期国家实行民族识别工作之后,56个民族的主体身份均被确认,但在此后的当代文学史书写中,少数民族文学仍难摆脱被忽视或被边缘化的尴尬。少数民族文学文化境遇的他者化是其在当代文学史书写中位居边缘的深层原因之一,具体表现为命名体现出的文化身份的他者化、失语体现出的文学史写作境遇的他者化、在边缘发言体现出的研究者学术处境的他者化。理想的中国当代文学史格局应是多民族文学共存、互生的。

Although the Chinese literary map is drawn by every ethnic group of China, ethnic literatures have always been absent in the written history of Chinese literature. After the founding of the P. R. China, especially after fifty-six ethnic groups were officially identified by the government, ethnic literatures still cannot get rid of the dilemma of being ignored and marginalized in the written history of contemporary Chinese literature. The cultural situation of otherization is one of the deep-seated reasons for this dilemma, which embodies in the otherization of cultural identity reflected in naming ethnic literatures, the otherization of writing situations expressed as cultural-aphasia, and the otherization of academic-status of the researchers shown as marginal speeches. A more idealistic pattern of history of contemporary Chinese literature should be that of coexistence and alternation of multi-ethnic literatures.