基于呼吸视角的百米速度曲线研究

Study on 100-meter Speed Curve Based on Respiratory Perspective

目的:从呼吸次数与100m跑的速度曲线关系着手,分析了100m全程速度曲线之单高峰速度曲线与双高峰速度曲线中呼吸运动的区别,总结出"呼气—吸气—憋气"呼吸运动的呼吸次数、呼吸位置、呼吸时机对100m全程速度曲线的影响.结果:(1)100m跑的过程中,呼吸运动的次数、位置、时机影响全程速度曲线的变化,速度节奏与主动、被动进行呼吸运动密切相关,为凸显整体效益,运动员的呼吸运动应因人而异;(2)100m跑过程中,力竭性的"憋气"加速过程才造成运动员在没有达到最快速度时速度有所下降;(3)训练中进行"憋气"训练,延长"憋气"的时间和氧气的利用率能够使100m跑过程中呼吸运动的次数、位置、时机更加合理、高效,符合100m全程速度曲线的发展方向.

Starting from the relationship between respiratory frequency and 100-meter sprint speed curve, this research differentiates the whole course speed curve, single-peaked and dual-peaked speed curve and respiratory movement, and sums up that the respiratory frequency, exhaling-inhaling position and timing contribute to the whole course speed curve during the process of ＂exhaling-inhaling- breath holding＂ and draws some conclusions as follows： （1） the respiratory frequency, exhaling- inhaling pos tion and timing contribute to the whole course of 100-meter speed curve, and the whole course speed rhythm is closely related to active and passive exhaling-inhaling movement. In order to highlight the whole effectiveness, respiratory movement should differ from individual athlete;（2） the course of 100-meter sprint is simply a exhaustive accelerating process, ie, the exhaustive ＂ breath-holding＂ causes the athletes to slow down before achieving the highest speed; （3） appropriate ＂breath-holding practice in the training will prolong the＂breath-holding？ time and enhance the utilization ratio of oxygen , which in return achieves more reasonable and effective respiratory frequency, exhaling-inhaling position and timing for single-peaked speed curve and complies with the trend of 100-meter whole course speed curve.