2008—2012年全国疟疾流行特征分析

EPIDEMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF MALARIA IN CHINA FROM 2008 TO 2012

为了分析近几年全国疟疾流行特征，本文收集了2008～2012年各省市疟疾发病数据，对全国疟疾年发病、季节发病、各省市疟疾地区分布、疟疾种类以及人群分布进行统计分析。结果显示2008—2012年全国疟疾发病呈逐年下降趋势，发病数从2008年的26358例，降至2012年的2451例。其中安徽、河南、云南3省属疟疾高发区。疟疾发病高峰期在6～10月份，10月后开始下降。我国疟疾发病以间日疟为主，5年累计发病为40181例，占全国5年总疟疾种类累计发病病例的73．88％。疟疾发病主要是农民，高发年龄层在30～50岁。2008～2012年全国疟疾发病虽呈逐年下降趋势，但是疟疾仍未消除，疟疾具有传播速度快、易反复性等特点，仍有可能造成疟疾的局部暴发流行，因此仍需密切关注疟疾发病情况，为彻底消除疟疾加强疟疾防治工作。

To investigate the malaria epidemic characteristics in recent years in China, this thesis collected and analyzed the data of the malaria incidences from 2008 to 2012. It were involved in the regional and population distribution of malaria, as well as the annual and seasonal malaria incidences prevalence. The results showed that the malaria incidence had decreased year by year in the whole country. The number of cases was 26 358 in 2008 and 2 451 in 2012 respectively. The province of Anhui, Henan and Yunnan were high incident areas of malaria. The seasonal incidence of malaria reaches the peak between June and October, after that it decreases gradually. The vivax malaria is the most common malaria in China, which had 40 181 cases during 5 years. And it accounted for 73.88% of all types of malaria during these 5 years. Farmers are the main group of malaria incidence. High incidence ages are between 30 to 50 years old. Although the incidence of malaria decreased year by year in China during the period of 2008-2012, but malaria had not been eliminated. Since malaria incidence spreads quickly and is easy to relapse, it is still possible that it will outbreak in partial areas. So consistent epidemiological surveillance is necessary for its prevention and control. We should strengthen the prevention work in order to eliminate malaria completely.