论患者权利类型

The Types of Patient's Rights

患者权利类型的确定是构建患者权利保护体系的理论基础,应分为两大类:患者作为"人"在医疗领域所享有的个体权利和作为"公共卫生体系使用人"的集体权利。前者是患者在接受医疗服务过程中基本人权的实现,包括人格尊严权、不受歧视的权利、私生活和秘密被尊重的权利、生命健康权、获得有质量的医疗服务的权利等。后者则包括患者群体通过自己的社团——患者组织——在卫生法规决策过程中的介入权、在卫生机构中的代表权、在卫生监督部门中的参与权等等,与国家公权力机关共同实现卫生领域的民主,以构建和谐的医患关系及促进医疗水平提高。在现有立法、司法及理论对患者个人权利已逐步承认并加强保障的情况下,认识患者集体权利的实现具有更强的理论意义及实践价值。

Determination of the types of patients rights is the foundation of the patient＇s rights protection system, it should be divided into two categories： patients as ＂people＂ in the medical field, he has the individual rights; as ＂the user of the public health system＂, he has the collective rights. The former includes the dignity of human personality right, the right to non - discrimination, private lives and secrets, the rights of life and health, access to the quality medical service. The latter includes patients groups, through their own organization, realize theirs collective rights in the decision - making process, in the supervision of the health institutions, and so on, to achieve health democracy, on the basis of which we may build a harmonious relationship between doctors and patients, and improve the medical level. At the moment, the individu- al rights have been gradually recognized and strengthened, understanding the realization of patients＇ collective rights has stronger theoretical meaning and practical value.