公共服务增量供给不平等测度与分解

The Measurement and Decomposition of The Inequality about Public Services' s Incremental Supply

中国目前公共服务不平等的观察是常年累积的结果。本文尝试从增量的角度,分别运用基尼系数、广义熵指数测算户籍和常住两种口径下公共服务不平等程度,并进一步按"城市型、城乡型地区"、"经济发达、欠发达地区"子样本和按支出分项分解不平等。研究发现,目前公共服务增量供给不平等程度依然很高;户籍口径公共服务增量供给不平等远大于常住口径;两种子样本分解均揭示60%以上的总体不平等来源于组内;其他支出、教育、城乡社区事务、一般公共服务、社会保障和就业的不平等贡献率总和达到66.21%。

From the perspective of incremental, estimating the Inequality of the public service by the Gini coefficient and the Generalized Entropy Index, this paper decomposes the inequality by elements of expenditure components, decomposes the inequality by the sub-sample of ＂city areas and urban-rural areas＂ and ＂economically developed and underdeveloped areas＂. According to the resultes the public service incremental supply inequality is still at high levels. The inequality in the provision of public services caused by the household population is much larger than the resident population. Two kinds of sub-sample decomposition reveals that more than 60% of the overall inequality comes from within-the-group. The sum inequality contribution rate of other expenses, the education, the urban and rural community affairs, the general public services, the social security and employment, reaches 66.21N.